Daily Brief

A surge in brute-force attacks targeted Fortinet SSL VPN devices, with over 780 unique IP addresses involved, originating from countries including the U.S., Canada, Russia, and the Netherlands. The attacks, identified by GreyNoise, were concentrated and deliberate, focusing specifically on Fortinet's SSL VPNs, indicating a non-opportunistic, targeted approach. Two distinct attack waves were observed: a steady brute-force effort with a single TCP signature and a concentrated burst using a different TCP signature. Post-August 5, the attack focus shifted from FortiOS to FortiManager, suggesting a change in attacker tactics or infrastructure. Historical data suggests the brute-force tools may have been tested or launched from a residential network, potentially using a residential proxy. Such attack patterns often precede the disclosure of new vulnerabilities, particularly affecting enterprise edge technologies like VPNs and firewalls. Fortinet has been contacted for comments regarding these incidents, with further updates pending.

The Pennsylvania Attorney General's Office is experiencing a significant service disruption attributed to a cyber incident, impacting its website, email, and phone communications for two days. Attorney General Dave Sunday expressed gratitude for the IT team's efforts, emphasizing ongoing collaboration with law enforcement to restore affected systems. Temporary Outlook email addresses have been issued for press inquiries, indicating continued email service issues. Cybersecurity expert Kevin Beaumont identified vulnerabilities in the OAG's Citrix systems, potentially linked to the critical CitrixBleed 2 flaw (CVE-2025-5777) with a severity score of 9.3. Shodan scans revealed the removal of vulnerable Citrix systems in late July and early August, but a direct link to the current outage remains unconfirmed. The incident underscores the importance of proactive vulnerability management and robust security hygiene to prevent service disruptions. Social media channels are currently the primary communication tool for updates, highlighting the need for resilient communication strategies during cyber incidents.

ShinyHunters and Scattered Spider have joined forces in a data extortion campaign targeting Salesforce customers, with potential expansion to financial and tech sectors. The campaign marks a shift for ShinyHunters, moving from credential theft to sophisticated vishing and social engineering tactics, often impersonating Okta. ShinyHunters, active since 2020, has been a major player in data breaches, monetizing stolen data on cybercrime forums like RaidForums and BreachForums. Recent arrests by French authorities of individuals linked to BreachForums, including ShinyHunters, have been contested by the group as inaccurate. A new Telegram channel, "scattered lapsu$ hunters," suggested the development of a ransomware-as-a-service offering, ShinySp1d3r, though it quickly disappeared. The collaboration is supported by shared targeting patterns and domain registrations, indicating a coordinated effort against sectors like retail, insurance, and aviation. Domain analysis shows a 12% increase in phishing targeting financial companies, suggesting a strategic pivot towards the financial services industry.

The U.S. Department of Justice confiscated over $1 million in cryptocurrency from the BlackSuit ransomware group, disrupting their financial operations. Authorities tracked and froze the assets as the group attempted to obscure the funds through multiple virtual currency exchanges. The seizure was part of a larger operation, 'Operation Checkmate,' which also targeted BlackSuit's extortion portals on the dark web. BlackSuit, along with Royal, Quantum, and Chaos ransomware, is linked to 450 attacks in critical sectors like healthcare and government. The group's ransom demands have exceeded $370 million, illustrating the significant financial impact of their criminal activities. Recent actions include the FBI seizing 20 Bitcoins from a Chaos ransomware affiliate, valued at approximately $2.4 million. These seizures are vital in hindering ransomware groups from using illicit funds to rebuild and expand their operations.

Google's pKVM hypervisor for Android has attained SESIP Level 5 certification, marking the highest security assurance level for IoT and mobile platforms. This achievement establishes a new benchmark for open-source security, enhancing the Android Virtualization Framework's ability to execute critical workloads securely. The certification process involved rigorous testing against advanced threats, conducted by DEKRA in certified laboratories, ensuring robust resistance. The pKVM supports secure execution of AI models, biometric authentication, DRM content, and firmware-level security, crucial for modern consumer electronics. With AI processing increasingly shifting to local devices, strong security measures are vital to protect personal data from exposure and unauthorized access. Google emphasizes that many existing Trusted Execution Environments lack formal certification, creating challenges for developers aiming for high-security applications. The SESIP Level 5 certification enhances device security, making it significantly harder for even sophisticated threat actors to compromise Android devices.

US law enforcement agencies dismantled BlackSuit's infrastructure, seizing four servers, nine domains, and freezing over $1 million in cryptocurrency. The operation involved collaboration with international partners from the UK, Germany, Ireland, France, Canada, Ukraine, and Lithuania. BlackSuit, also known as Royal, has targeted over 450 US entities, including schools, hospitals, and energy firms, demanding ransoms totaling approximately $370 million. Despite the infrastructure takedown, no arrests have been made, and the group remains at large, highlighting the challenges of cross-border cybercrime enforcement. Security researchers suggest that BlackSuit members may have rebranded as Chaos ransomware, continuing similar attacks under a new name. The Chaos group is reportedly active, already listing 20 victims on their dark web leak site, indicating ongoing threats to organizations. The case underscores the persistent threat of ransomware gangs and the need for robust international cooperation to combat cybercrime effectively.

Bitdefender has identified a new cyber-espionage group, Curly COMrades, targeting government and energy sectors in Georgia and Moldova, aligning with Russian geopolitical interests. The group employs MucorAgent, a sophisticated .NET backdoor, enabling persistent access through a seemingly inactive scheduled task and hijacked Component Object Model (COM) objects. MucorAgent's complex attack chain includes AES-encrypted PowerShell scripts, proxy agents, and custom SOCKS5 servers for data exfiltration and command-and-control communication. The attackers utilize legitimate tools like Remote Utilities and Remote Monitoring and Management software to maintain control and blend malicious activities with normal network operations. Despite the stealthy approach, Curly COMrades' activities have been detected by modern EDR/XDR sensors, indicating the importance of advanced threat detection capabilities. The group's operations involve credential harvesting, attempts to extract the NTDS database, and dumping LSASS memory, aiming to move laterally within the network. This case underscores the persistent threat posed by state-aligned cyber actors and the necessity for robust cybersecurity measures in critical sectors.

Over 3,300 Citrix NetScaler devices are still unpatched against CVE-2025-5777, a critical vulnerability allowing attackers to bypass authentication by hijacking user sessions. The vulnerability, known as CitrixBleed 2, results from insufficient input validation, enabling unauthorized access to sensitive data and bypassing multi-factor authentication. Proof-of-concept exploits for CVE-2025-5777 emerged shortly after disclosure, with active zero-day exploitation detected weeks prior, posing a significant security risk. Shadowserver Foundation reports also indicate over 4,100 devices unpatched against CVE-2025-6543, actively exploited in denial-of-service attacks. The Netherlands' National Cyber Security Centre confirmed multiple critical organizations were breached via CVE-2025-6543, causing operational disruptions, including at the Public Prosecution Service. The U.S. Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency has mandated federal agencies to secure systems against these vulnerabilities, emphasizing the urgency of patching. Organizations must prioritize patch management and enhance monitoring to mitigate risks associated with these vulnerabilities, ensuring robust defenses against potential exploitation.

In 2024, healthcare experienced over 700 data breaches, exposing 275 million patient records, primarily due to password vulnerabilities. Compromised credentials remain a significant entry point for attackers, posing risks to patient safety and organizational trust. HIPAA mandates strict password management to protect electronic Protected Health Information (ePHI), requiring robust policies and technical safeguards. Recent penalties include $3 million against Solara Medical Supplies and $1.5 million against Warby Parker for cybersecurity lapses. The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) updated guidelines to emphasize longer passphrases and multi-factor authentication. Healthcare CISOs must balance security with operational efficiency, ensuring compliance without disrupting clinical workflows. Effective password management strategies are crucial for compliance and patient safety, demanding investments in secure, user-friendly solutions.

Curly COMrades, a newly identified APT group, is conducting cyber espionage campaigns against Georgian and Moldovan entities, aligning with Russian geopolitical interests. Targeted sectors include judicial and government bodies in Georgia and an energy distribution company in Moldova, indicating strategic objectives. The group employs NGEN COM hijacking for persistence, using the Native Image Generator to covertly maintain access by executing tasks during system idle times. Attackers use legitimate tools like Resocks, SSH, and Stunnel to facilitate command execution and data exfiltration, blending malicious activities with normal network traffic. The APT's operations are characterized by methodical approaches, using redundant methods and incremental steps to ensure a resilient foothold across networks. A bespoke backdoor, MucorAgent, is utilized for executing encrypted PowerShell scripts, with payloads deleted post-execution to minimize detection risks. The exact initial access vector remains unidentified, but the use of legitimate compromised websites for C2 communications aids in evading detection. Bitdefender's analysis underscores the threat actor's adaptability and technical prowess, leveraging both standard and customized techniques for long-term network infiltration.

Manpower, a leading staffing company, reported a data breach impacting 144,189 individuals, with attackers accessing systems between December 2024 and January 2025. The breach was discovered during an investigation into an IT outage at the Lansing, Michigan office, revealing unauthorized network access and potential data theft. RansomHub ransomware group claimed responsibility, alleging theft of 500GB of data, including personal, corporate, and financial information. The breach involved sensitive data such as passport scans, Social Security numbers, and confidential contracts, raising significant privacy and security concerns. Manpower is collaborating with the FBI to address the breach and has enhanced its IT security measures to prevent future incidents. Affected individuals are being offered free credit monitoring and identity theft protection services through Equifax as part of the response strategy. RansomHub's removal of Manpower's data from its leak site suggests a possible ransom payment, though this remains unconfirmed. The incident underscores the ongoing threat posed by ransomware operations and the critical need for robust cybersecurity defenses.

Cybercrime groups Scattered Spider, ShinyHunters, and Lapsus$ have joined forces on a Telegram channel, sharing breach details and promoting their exploits. The channel, "Scattered LAPSUS$ Hunters," featured claims of attacks on major brands, including Victoria's Secret, Gucci, and Neiman Marcus. Members discussed developing a new ransomware-as-a-service (RaaS) operation, "ShinySpider," boasting high-speed encryption capabilities of 1 GB per second. The collaboration suggests an evolution in cyber extortion tactics, prioritizing chaos and reputation alongside financial gain. ReliaQuest's analysis indicates coordinated efforts between the groups, with Scattered Spider acting as an initial access broker for ShinyHunters. The groups have targeted high-profile organizations using social engineering and phishing tactics, exploiting trusted enterprise applications like Okta and Salesforce. Experts recommend reinforcing identity verification processes and implementing phishing-resistant multifactor authentication to counteract these social-engineering attacks.

Hyundai is charging £49 to UK customers for a security upgrade to prevent car thefts, targeting Ioniq 5 owners vulnerable to theft via electronic bypass devices. The upgrade comes in response to a surge in UK car thefts, with criminals using devices that mimic vehicle key signals to unlock and steal cars. These devices, resembling a Game Boy and costing around £20,000, have been linked to multiple thefts, offering a quick return on investment for thieves. Affected customers, like Elliott Ingram, have expressed dissatisfaction, with some considering legal action against Hyundai for inadequate security measures. The UK government plans to ban keyless repeaters and signal jammers, which contribute to approximately 40% of vehicle thefts in England and Wales. Hyundai's decision to charge for the upgrade has raised questions about the automaker's commitment to customer security, as the upgrade is not offered for free. The incident underscores the need for automakers to continuously enhance security features to protect against evolving theft techniques.

The article explores the security dynamics between Enterprise Browsers and Secure Browser Extensions, focusing on their ability to manage in-session risks within enterprise environments. Nine key areas are analyzed, including data protection, BYOD, productivity, and Zero Trust alignment, offering a comprehensive view of each approach's strengths and limitations. Browsers have become central to enterprise operations, handling sensitive data and GenAI prompts, which introduces unique security challenges and necessitates robust browser security strategies. Enterprise Browser Extensions enhance functionality but increase the attack surface, requiring careful management to balance security with operational efficiency. The guide emphasizes that neither solution replaces existing security measures but addresses specific in-session gaps, providing tailored control and coverage. Practical scenarios are used to evaluate how each model performs under real-world conditions, aiding security teams in making informed decisions based on their unique risk profiles. The decision between adopting Enterprise Browsers or Extensions involves weighing control depth against coverage breadth, considering factors like adoption patterns and long-term manageability.

The Interlock ransomware gang attacked Saint Paul, Minnesota, severely disrupting city systems and services in late July, prompting a National Guard response. Governor Tim Walz activated the Minnesota National Guard to assist with cyber protection as the attack exceeded the city's response capabilities. Despite the attack, emergency services remained operational, while online payments and other services faced temporary disruptions. Mayor Malvin Carter confirmed the city refused to pay the ransom, and no personal or financial data of residents was compromised. Interlock claimed responsibility for stealing 43 GB of data, publishing some on their leak site, though the city continues to collaborate with federal partners on recovery efforts. Interlock has a history of targeting various sectors, including healthcare, and was previously linked to significant breaches at DaVita and Kettering Health. Prior to the attack, CISA and the FBI issued warnings about increased Interlock activity targeting critical infrastructure, advising on mitigation strategies.